Common Base Amplifier

The Common-Base Amplifier
Basic Circuit
Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of a single stage common-base amplifier. The object is to solve
for the small-signal voltage gain, input resistance, and output resistance.
Figure 1: Common-base amplifier.
DC Solution
(a) Replace the capacitors with open circuits. Look out of the 3 BJT terminals and make Thvenin
equivalent circuits as shown in Fig. 2.
VBB =
VEE = V
V + R2 + V R1
R1 + R2
RBB = R1 kR2
VCC = V +
REE = RE
RCC = RC
(b) Make an educated guess for VBE . Write the loop equation between the VBB and the VEE
nodes. To solve for IC , this equation is
VBB VEE = IB RBB + VBE + IE REE =
IC
IC
RBB + VBE +
REE
(c) Solve the loop equation for the currents.

IC = IE = IB =
VBB VEE VBE

RBB / + REE /
(d) Verify that VCB > 0 for the active mode.

VCB = VC VB = (VCC IC RCC ) (VBB IB RBB ) = VCC VBB IC (RCC RBB /)
1
Figure 2: DC bias circuit.
Small-Signal or AC Solutions
(a) Redraw the circuit with V + = V = 0 and all capacitors replaced with short circuits as shown
in Fig. 3.
Figure 3: Signal circuit.

(b) Calculate gm , r , re , and r0 from the DC solution..
gm =
IC
VT
r =
VT
IB
re =
VT
IE
r0 =
VA + VCE
IC
(c) Replace the circuits looking out of the base and emitter with Thvenin equivalent circuits
as shown in Fig. 4.
vtb = 0
Rtb = 0
vte = vs
RE
Rs + RE
Rte = Rs kRE
Figure 4: Signal circuit with Thvenin emitter circuit.

Exact Solution
(a) Replace the BJT in Fig. 4 with the Thvenin emitter circuit and the Norton collector circuit
as shown in Fig. 5.
Figure 5: Emitter and collector equivalent circuits.

(b) Solve for ic(sc) .
RE
Rs + RE
rx
+ re
re0 =
1+
ic(sc) = Gme vte = Gme vs

Gme =
(c) Solve for vo .
r0 + re0
1
Rte + re0 kr0 r0 + re0
vo = ic(sc) ric kRC kRL = Gme vs

ric =
RE
ric kRC kRL
Rs + RE
r0 + re0 kRte
1 Rte / (re0 + Rte )
3
(d) Solve for the voltage gain.

Av =
vo
RE
=
Gme ric kRC kRL
vs
Rs + RE
(e) Solve for rin .

rie = re0
rin = R1 kR2 krie
r0 + Rtc
re0 + r0 + Rtc / (1 + )
(f) Solve for rout .

rout = ric kRC
Example 1 For the CB amplifier in Fig. 1, it is given that Rs = 100 , R1 = 120 k, R2 = 100 k,
RC = 4.3 k, RE = 5.6 k, R3 = 100 , RL = 20 k, V + = 15 V, V = 15 V, VBE = 0.65 V,
= 99, = 0.99, rx = 20 , VA = 100 V and VT = 0.025 V. Solve for Av , rin , and rout .
Solution. Because the dc bias circuit is the same as for the common-emitter amplifier example,
the dc bias values, re , gm , r , and r0 are the same.
In the signal circuit, the Thvenin voltage and resistance seen looking out of the emitter are
given by
RE
vs = 0.9825vs
Rte = Rs kRE = 98.25
vte =
Rs + RE
The Thvenin resistances seen looking out of the base and the collector are
Rtb = 0
Rtc = RC kRL = 3.539 k
Next, we calculate re0 , Gme , ric , and rie .

re0 =
ric =
Rtb + rx
+ re = 12.03
1+
Gme =
r0 + re0 kRte
= 442.3 k
r0 + re0
1
1
S
=
Rte + re0 kr0 r0 + re0
111.4
rie = re0
re0
r0 + Rtc
= 12.83
+ r0 + Rtc / (1 + )
The output voltage is given by
vo = Gme (ric kRtc ) vte = Gme (ric kRtc )
RE
vs = 30.97vs
Rs + RE
Thus the voltage gain is

Av = 30.97
The input and output resistances are
rin = R1 kR2 krib = 12.81
rout = ric kRC = 4.259 k
Approximate Solutions
These solutions assume that r0 = except in calculating ric . In this case, ic(sc) = i0c = i0e = ib .
Figure 6: Simplified T model circuit.

Simplified T Model Solution
(a) After making the Thvenin equivalent circuits looking out of the base and emitter, replace the
BJT with the simplified T model as shown in Fig. 6.
(b) Solve for i0c and ric .
i0
0 vte = i0e re0 + Rte = c re0 + Rte = i0c = vte 0
re + Rte
ric =
(c) Solve for vo .
vo = i0c ric kRC kRL = vte
r0 + re0 kRte
RE
ric kRC kRL = vs

ric kRC kRL
re0 + Rte
Rs + RE re0 + Rte

Av =
vo
Rs
=
ric kRC kRL
0
vs
Rs + RE re + Rte
(e) Solve for rie and rin .

0 ve = i0e re0 = i0e =
rie =
ve
re0
ve
= re0
i0e
rin = re0 kRE

rout = ric kRC

Example 2 For Example 1, use the simplified T-model solutions to calculate the values of Av , rin ,
and rout .
5
Av = 0.9825 8.978 103 3.511 103 = 30.97

rin = 12
rout = 4.259 k
Model Solution
BJT with the model as shown in Fig. 7.
Figure 7: Hybrid- model circuit.

0 vte = ib rx + v + i0e Rte =
ric =
(c) Solve for vo .
vo = i0c ric kRC kRL =
i0c
i0
i0
vte
rx + c + c Rte = i0c =
1
rx
Rte
gm
+
+
gm
r0 + re0 kRte
RE
1
vte
r kR kR = vs
r kR kR
rx
r
1
1
Rte ic C L
Rte ic C L
Rs + RE x
+
+
+
+
gm
gm

Av =
1
vo
RE
r kR kR
=
1
r
Rte ic C L
vs
Rs + RE x
+
+
gm
(e) Solve for rout .

rout = ric kRC
6
(f) Solve for rie and rin .

1+
i0e
(rx + r ) = i0e = ve
1+
rx + r
0 ve = ib (rx + r ) =
rie =
ve
rx + r
=
0
ie
1+
rin = rie kRE
Example 3 For Example 1, use the -model solutions to calculate the values of Av , rin , and rout .

Av = 0.9825 8.978 103 3.539 103 = 30.97

rin = 12
rout = 4.259 k
T Model Solution
BJT with the T model as shown in Fig.??.
Figure 8: T model circuit.

0 vte = ib rx + i0e (re + Rte ) =
ric =
(c) Solve for vo .
vo = i0c ric kRC kRL =
i0c
i0
vte
rx + c (re + Rte ) = i0c =
rx re + Rte
r0 + re0 kRte
RE
1
vte
r kR kR = vs
ric kRC kRL
rx re + Rte ic C L
r
r
Rs + RE x
e + Rte
+
+

Av =
1
vo
RE
ric kRC kRL
=
r
r
vs
Rs + RE x
e + Rte
+
(e) Solve for rie and rin .

0 ve =
ib rx + i0e re
i0e
rx + i0e re = i0e
=
1+
rie =
rx
+ re
1+
= i0e =
ve
rx
+ re
1+
ve
rx
+ re
=
i0e
1+
rin = RE krie
rout = ric kRC

Example 4 For Example 1, use the T-model solutions to calculate the values of Av , rin , and rout .
Av = 0.9825 8.978 103 3.539 103 = 30.97

rin = 12
rout = 4.259 k

Common Base Amplifier

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The Common-Base Amplifier

Figure 1: Common-base amplifier.

(c) Solve the loop equation for the currents.

VBB VEE VBE

(d) Verify that VCB > 0 for the active mode.

Figure 2: DC bias circuit.

Figure 3: Signal circuit.

Figure 4: Signal circuit with Thvenin emitter circuit.

Figure 5: Emitter and collector equivalent circuits.

ic(sc) = Gme vte = Gme vs

vo = ic(sc) ric kRC kRL = Gme vs

(d) Solve for the voltage gain.

(e) Solve for rin .

rin = R1 kR2 krie

(f) Solve for rout .

Rtc = RC kRL = 3.539 k

Next, we calculate re0 , Gme , ric , and rie .

The output voltage is given by

vo = Gme (ric kRtc ) vte = Gme (ric kRtc )

Thus the voltage gain is

rout = ric kRC = 4.259 k

Figure 6: Simplified T model circuit.

0 vte = i0e re0 + Rte = c re0 + Rte = i0c = vte 0

ric kRC kRL = vs

(d) Solve for the voltage gain.

(e) Solve for rie and rin .

rin = re0 kRE

rout = ric kRC

Av = 0.9825 8.978 103 3.511 103 = 30.97

Figure 7: Hybrid- model circuit.

(d) Solve for the voltage gain.

(e) Solve for rout .

(f) Solve for rie and rin .

rin = rie kRE

Av = 0.9825 8.978 103 3.539 103 = 30.97

Figure 8: T model circuit.

(d) Solve for the voltage gain.

(e) Solve for rie and rin .

rout = ric kRC

Av = 0.9825 8.978 103 3.539 103 = 30.97

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